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The Foundations of Geometry, by David Hilbert
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The material contained in the following translation was given in substance by Professor Hilbert as a course of lectures on euclidean geometry at the University of G¨ottingen during the winter semester of 1898–1899. The results of his investigation were re-arranged and put into the form in which they appear here as a memorial address published in connection with the celebration at the unveiling of the Gauss-Weber monument at G¨ottingen, in June, 1899. In the French edition, which appeared soon after, Professor Hilbert made some additions, particularly in the concluding remarks, where he gave an account of the results of a recent investigation made by Dr. Dehn. These additions have been incorporated in the following translation. As a basis for the analysis of our intuition of space, Professor Hilbert commences his discussion by considering three systems of things which he calls points, straight lines, and planes, and sets up a system of axioms connecting these elements in their mutual relations. The purpose of his investigations is to discuss systematically the relations of these axioms to one another and also the bearing of each upon the logical development of euclidean geometry. Among the important results obtained, the following are worthy of special mention: 1. The mutual independence and also the compatibility of the given system of axioms is fully discussed by the aid of various new systems of geometry which are introduced. 2. The most important propositions of euclidean geometry are demonstrated in such a manner as to show precisely what axioms underlie and make possible the demonstration. 3. The axioms of congruence are introduced and made the basis of the definition of geometric displacement. 4. The significance of several of the most important axioms and theorems in the development of the euclidean geometry is clearly shown; for example, it is shown that the whole of the euclidean geometry may be developed without the use of the axiom of continuity; the significance of Desargues’s theorem, as a condition that a given plane geometry may be regarded as a part of a geometry of space, is made apparent, etc. 5. A variety of algebras of segments are introduced in accordance with the laws of arithmetic. This development and discussion of the foundation principles of geometry is not only of mathematical but of pedagogical importance. Hoping that through an English edition these important results of Professor Hilbert’s investigation may be made more accessible to English speaking students and teachers of geometry, I have undertaken, with his permission, this translation. In its preparation, I have had the assistance of many valuable suggestions from Professor Osgood of Harvard, Professor Moore of Chicago, and Professor Halsted of Texas. I am also under obligations to Mr. Henry Coar and Mr. Arthur Bell for reading the proof.
- Sales Rank: #6062283 in Books
- Published on: 2014-12-11
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 11.00" h x .21" w x 8.50" l, .53 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 92 pages
About the Author
David Hilbert (1862 – 1943) was a German mathematician. He is recognized as one of the most influential and universal mathematicians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas in many areas, including invariant theory and the axiomatization of geometry. He also formulated the theory of Hilbert spaces, one of the foundations of functional analysis. Hilbert adopted and warmly defended Georg Cantor's set theory and transfinite numbers. A famous example of his leadership in mathematics is his 1900 presentation of a collection of problems that set the course for much of the mathematical research of the 20th century. Hilbert and his students contributed significantly to establishing rigor and developed important tools used in modern mathematical physics. Hilbert is known as one of the founders of proof theory and mathematical logic, as well as for being among the first to distinguish between mathematics and meta/mathematics. INTRODUCTION. Geometry, like arithmetic, requires for its logical development only a small number of simple, fundamental principles. These fundamental principles are called the axioms of geometry. The choice of the axioms and the investigation of their relations to one another is a problem which, since the time of Euclid, has been discussed in numerous excellent memoirs to be found in the mathematical literature. This problem is tantamount to the logical analysis of our intuition of space. The following investigation is a new attempt to choose for geometry a simple and complete set of independent axioms and to deduce from these the most important geometrical theorems in such a manner as to bring out as clearly as possible the significance of the different groups of axioms and the scope of the conclusions to be derived from the individual axioms.
Most helpful customer reviews
12 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Incomplete
By J. Bogaarts
This is the first book ever to present the axiomatic foundations of euclidean geometry. The first edition appeared in the nineties of the nineteenth century.
Most of the book can be read and appreciated by someone who is mature in elementary euclidean geometry (in fact the material was originally conceived to be used in a summer school for mathematics teachers in Germany). If you expect to find a treatment that will fill up all the gaps in the elementary books you will be disappointed, it does not. If you are looking for a text that does fill all the gaps try to get a copy Forders' book The foundations of Euclidean geometry,.
This edition is not based on the last German edition that is available and does not contain the appendices by Hilbert and the supplements by Paul Bernays, so as a text on the foundations of euclidean geometry it is not useless but it is surely crippled.
I do not dare to give a book with Hilberts name on it less than five stars.
24 of 29 people found the following review helpful.
An excellent read.
By Leroy E. Strong
This book is by far one of the leading texts in geometry. It contains interesting historical facts as well as an outstanding approach to proofs in an axiomatic system. I would recommend this book to anyone who is interested in pursuing a rigorous endeavor into geometry.
6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
The Foundations of Geometry - Forgotten Books edition
By Sam Adams
The FORGOTTEN BOOKS edition of Hilbert's Foundations of Geometry isn't Hilbert's Geometry. Notice the number of pages (which I didn't when ordering it). This publication contains ONLY the diagrams in large format (with a very few absent) from the text of Hilbert's Geometry. There is no title page or author listed, but this is in fact what the content is from. It is clearly a scan from an old book, so there must be some historical context for it. Maybe someone can clarify the mystery. I give it 5 stars because these comments will probably show up among the reviews of Hilbert's full text and I don't want to skew the star rating of the book, but this particular reprint I don't find of any actual value, except that it's from Hilbert and there may be some interesting reason why it occurs as an independent publication.
Along with this reprint, I also ordered the FB Classic Reprint of Elements of Geometry and Trigonometry by Charles Davies. These two books are the first reprints I've purchased from any of the reprint publishers selling on amazon. For more on the quality of Forgotten Books reprints, see my review of Davies' book. The mysterious Hilbert-diagrams text they sell under the title of Hilbert's Foundations of Geometry is, I suspect, an anomaly. Besides, their honest page-count should raise questions about the content. Now you know what that content is.
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