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To many, Cape Cod represents the classic setting for an American summer vacation. Attracting seasonal tourists with picturesque beaches and abundant seafood, the Cape has held a place in our national imagination for almost two hundred years. People have been drawn to its beauty and resources since Native Americans wandered up its long sandy peninsula some 12,000 years ago, while writers such as Henry David Thoreau and Norman Mailer have celebrated its mystery and allure. But, despite its idealized image, Cape Cod has a long history of scarcity and an increasingly evident fragility.
John T. Cumbler's book offers an environmental, social, and economic history of Cape Cod told through the experiences of residents as well as visitors. He notes that over the past four hundred years the Cape has experienced three regimes of resource utilization. The first regime of Native Americans who lived relatively lightly on the land was supplanted by European settlers who focused on production and extraction. This second regime began in the age of sail but declined through the age of steam as the soil and seas failed to yield the resources necessary to sustain continuing growth. Environmental and then economic crises during the second half of the nineteenth century eventually gave way to the third regime of tourism and recreation. But this regime has its own environmental costs, as residents have learned over the last half century.
Although the Cape remains a special place, its history of resource scarcity and its attempts to deal with that scarcity offer useful lessons for anyone addressing similar issues around the globe.
- Sales Rank: #3868070 in Books
- Published on: 2014-12-12
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.02" h x .81" w x 5.98" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 272 pages
Review
"No other history of Cape Cod offers the contextually rich interweaving of the region's environmental, economic, social, and cultural transformations. This book makes a unique contribution by connecting human and natural history."―Anthony N. Penna, author of The Human Footprint: A Global Environmental History
"This is the first synthesis of the Cape's environmental history. The author has researched a broad array of sources, gleaning much material on the impacts of economic activity on the natural environment."―James C. O'Connell, author The Hub's Metropolis: Greater Boston's Development from Railroad Suburbs to Smart Growth
About the Author
John T. Cumbler is professor of history at the University of Louisville and spends half of the year in Wellfleet, Massachusetts. He is the author of numerous books, including From Abolition to Rights for All: The Making of a Reform Community in the Nineteenth Century and Reasonable Use: The People, the Environment, and the State, New England, 1790–1930.
Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Should Be Required Reading For All Cape Cod Selectmen, Politicians, Activists
By John P. Peak
Water pollution, sewage problems, traffic congestion, flight of Cape youth, a lack of affordable housing, depletion of resources (fishing) are all in headlines. Individually each of are these issues is like the proverbial canary in the coal mine- a warning of impending disaster if we fail to act. Together they signal a confluence of critical concerns facing the Cape’s fragile ecosystem that could spell the demise of Cape life as we know it.
Cumbler’s book provides a very readable historical overview of the Cape’s ecosystem and offers help and hope for persistent and determined Cape Codders who have successfully faced economic and environmental challenges in the past. John T Cumbler’s Cape Cod: An Environmental History of a Fragile Ecosystem should be required reading for all Cape Officials. Cumbler describes three Cape regimes of resource utilization and how Cape Codders responded.
The 3 regimes are:
The Native American regime of fire, fishing , shellfish harvesting, horticulture.
The extraction and production regime of seafarers, boatbuilders, salt makers, farmers.
The era of dependence on distant resources and a local economy of tourism and recreation.
Cumbler details the problems inherent in our current tourism/ recreation era with an economy dependent on continued development. “ He says::” Today’s dynamic tourist economy is ..,. driving the Cape toward more profits and individual gain…. Without restraint it could head toward an environmental crisis.”
Although the problems he described are serious, Cumbler’s message is hopeful in that he sees the resourcefulness and resiliency of Cape residents in meeting the problems. After all, they adapted successfully to the changes in the past. Cumbler feels the problems are not unique to the Cape and solutions found here may provide models for other communities.
Cumbler is a Professor of History at the University of Louisville and spends half the year in Wellfleet. This book should be on the reading list for anyone interested in the future of the Cape,
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
An excellent environmental history of an iconic American region.
By lyndonbrecht
This is an excellent environmental history. focusing on Cape Cod. Cumbler ably presents the background environment and human history. He breaks the topic over the last 4,000 years into three parts: Native peoples and their cultures until 1600, resource extraction 1650s to 1900 and now an era of distant resources, recreation and tourism. Each has distinctive patterns and different impacts on the Cape. In the background of course are natural aspects--currents, storms, shore erosion and now, global warming (which may make storms, hence erosion, worse).
The native peoples portion is excellent, including differentiation of peoples on the Cape from the mainland. There is excellent background on nature, sort of a starting point. The era of resource extraction details the exploitation of Cape resources, including the gradual cutting of what was once forest; others included oyster beds, salt distillation (from sea water), fishing, whaling, ship building, fish drying and processing, as well as salt marsh haying, depletion of soils from farming and other uses. All that has unusual consequences for a sandy peninsula. Even feather gather was once important, until the ducks became scarce. Most of those resources became scarce before about 1800, although fishing and whaling continued (shore whaling ended much more quickly).
The sections on the development of recreation and tourism are unusually good. These are tied to the availability of land (farms abandoned, spaces once used for fish processing, shipbuilding and so on), the development of transportation in the form of rail and steamboat (which means Boston became very close, in effect). Fresh air, fishing, hunting and camping were part of tourism early, then the marketing of Cape Cod culture and the impact of generations of developers, some from Cape Cod and some from outside. The last chapters describe this very well.
There are major problems. The Cape's water is essentially a freshwater lens, fairly easily polluted and susceptible to salt-water intrusion. The limited access to municipal water and sewer means private wells and septic systems, not threatening with small populations but with the large current population and larger tourist community, very serious. Trash and garbage pose special problems. The limited amount of land and the great demand has meant locals have sometimes been priced out, and the service community has difficulty finding affordable housing. There is open space, a park, a seashore and a military establishment. There's chemical pollution from golf courses and lawn services, heavy traffic polluting air, and what some think unsightly uncontrolled development, all of which has led to efforts to better control and shape development.
The future? The jury is still out.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
This is one of the absolute best history books about Cape Cod
By ITscout
This is one of the absolute best history books about Cape Cod. It captures the many dramatic changes over the past 400 years in the ebb and flow of the Cape's economy and the corresponding impact on the Cape's fragile ecosystem. Settled by the Pilgrims, who displaced the original native Americans, the Cape has seen its principle industries transformed repeatedly. After natural resources, such as forests and fish, were exhausted by excess exploitation, the economy shifted to tourism. Today, second home owners and retirees are again transforming the economic and ecologic balance. John Cumbler has done a masterful job of explaining the historic journey the Cape has traveled. This book is a must read for anyone who loves Cape Cod.
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